DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA PART 1
Users of
today's telecommunication facilities become very dominant in daily life as well
as in the business world. Companies without telecommunication facilities will
have difficulty in sending data from one location to another. Difficulty in
sending this data will lead to difficulties in processing the data into
information so that in the end will be difficult for management of a company in
making decisions.
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The current
telecommunications network connects several land and oceans to move large
amounts of data. The essence of telecommunications is the reduction of time and
space. With communication satellites two very different locations can be
connected in an instant. A company that wants to transmit data to its branch
that is 1000 miles or more is not much different from sending 100 miles of
data.
Access to data
in a location no longer depends on where the location is located. Currently
satellite communications replace wired and optical telecom cables closely. It
seems that telecommunication and networking strategies are the key to success
in building a reliable accounting information system. Accounting information
systems of a company today is very dependent on telecommunications such as data
processing online.
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Human needs
for information either individually or in an organizational environment
continue to increase. Complete and accurate information provides knowledge to
solve various problems encountered. Communication technology allows the
transmission of data from one place to another, while the transmission of data
from one place to another due to:
•
Transactions that occur in different locations with the data processing,
• Sometimes
it is more efficient or cheaper to send data using information technology than
in the past.
• An
organization has several data processing, sometimes when one data processing is
in busy status then the data is divided into other data processing.
• Costly
tools such as graphics printing tools, high-speed printers, just one location
will be more cost-effective.
Delivery of data by using a
computer is done by using an electronic transmission system, usually called the
term data communication (data communication).
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Data Transmission
Data
transmission is the process of sending data from source to receiver of data by
using computer or other electronic media. Where the source as the beginning of
the transmission process by using a transmission medium that can be a cable,
and electronic radiation to other electronic devices that serve as the
recipient. This transmission medium serves as the transmission line of
transmitted data. Related to the transmission media available today is by using
the media cable, and electromagnetic radiation.
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Transmission Channel Type:
1. One way transmission type is
the direction of the transmission transmission channel in only one direction
where the source acts as a transmission sender only to the receiver as well as
the receiving device has only one function. Examples of this type of
transmission transmission in one direction as in the transmission of radio and
television broadcasts.
2. A two-way transmission type
(either way transmision) is a transmission channel can flow in two directions,
but this transmission flow must be done alternately. An example is the use of a
CB radio walkie talkie where speech and listening activities must be performed
interchangeably.
3. Two way directional type (both
way transmision) in this type of transmission channel the direction of data
information can flow in two directions at once, in other words the transmission
channel can send and receive at the same time. An example is the use of a
telephone where one can speak at a time to listen.
Data Transmission Speed
• High Speed Network data
transmission capacity greater than 20 MBps which is usually applied in the LAN
for large computer mainframes. For example loosely coupled network (control
data corporation) and hyperchannel (Network system coorporation).
• Medium Speed Network data
transmission capacity of 1MBps up to 20 MBps which is usually applied in LANs
for small computer mainframes or microcomputers. For example Ethernet, ARC net,
local net and cable net.
• Low Speed PC Network The data
transmission capacity is less than 1 MBps which is usually applied in personal
computer (PC). For example apple talk and apple macintosh.
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Media Cable
The use of cable as a
transmission medium when the source and receiver distance is not too far away, for
that then usually the use of cable only for local area only. There are three
types of cables used for the first transmission media copper cable commonly
used for telephone, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable.
1. Coaxial Cable is a cable
wrapped with soft metal, this cable has a higher data transmission rate
compared to ordinary cable, but the price is more expensive relatief than
ordinary cable.
2. Fiber Optic Cable is a type of
cable made of thin fibers (optical fibers) with a diameter of human hair. Fiber
optic cable has a data transfer rate speed of ten times greater than coaxial
cable.
Electromagnetic Radiation Media
When the data
source and receiver are in a great distance, the transmission medium uses
electromagnetic radiation media emitted through open air, which can be
microwave, satellite and laser systems.
Microwave
Microwave is a
high frequency radio wave emitted from a transmitter to another transmitter.
Microwave is a wave that should not be blocked (line of sight) by buildings,
hills, and mountains. The coverage area that can be reached by microwave is 30
to 50 kilometers, therefore required relay stations to amplify the signal
between the source to the signal receiver.
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Satellite System
Limitations of
microwave that should not be blocked and scope that is not so broad. So a
microwave transmitter station on earth at one location transmits its signal to
satellite in outer space, which functions as a relay station, then sends it
back to the microwave station on earth at the other location to which it wants
to go. Because although not able to penetrate buildings, hills and mountains
but microwaves can propagate in a vacuum. At this time to reach the entire
surface of the earth it takes three satellites.
Laser System
Laser laser
technology is now in use but it needs a lot of development, but in the future
information technology experts predict the use of laser beam will be more
optimal than the existing transmission medium. Through the use of laser light
it will reduce the expenses for transmission costs.