KINDS OF COMPUTER NETWORK DEVICES
1. NIC (Network Interface Card)
enable PC Stand Alone to
communicate with other PCs, a Network Interface Card (NIC) is required. NIC
works to connect PC with media used.
2. Cable
Cables commonly used in the network there are 3 types, namely:
a.
Coaxial
These cables are often used for television antennas and long-distance
telephone transmissions. The connector is BNC (British Naval Connector). This
cable is divided into 2, namely:
1. Coaxial baseband (50 ohm cable) -used for
digital transmission.
2. Coaxial broadband (75 ohm cable) -used for
analog transmission.
Coaxial cable types are also divided into 2, namely:
a. Thin (thinnet)
his
type of cable is more flexible, easier to use, and less expensive than a thick
cable.
b. Thick (thicknet)
The thicker,
harder to bend, the range is much thinner than thin, and the price is more
expensive than thin.
Advantages:
• Almost unaffected by noise
• Prices are relatively cheap
Weakness:
• Its use is easy to hijack
• Phick coaxial is difficult
to install in some types of space
b.
Twisted Pair
These cables are often used on telephone cables. On the computer the
connector is RJ-45. This cable is divided into 2, namely:
a. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
The STP cable is the same as the UTP cable, but the
wire is larger and shrouded with an insulating protective coating to prevent
interference interference. The most common type of STP cable used on LAN is IBM
type / category 1. Shielded Twisted Pair is also a type of telephone cable used
in some installation businesses. There is an additional wrapper for each pair
of cables. The STP cable is also used for data networks, used on the IBM
Token-Ring network. The packaging can provide better protection against EMI interference.
b. UTP (Unshielded Twisted
Pair)
Unshield Twisted Pair (UTP) cable is used for LAN
and telephone systems. UTP cable consists of four pairs of copper conductor
colors that each pair twisted. Wire wrapping protects and provides a path for
each pair of wires. The UTP cable is connected to the device through an 8 pin
modular connector called the RJ-45 connector. All LAN protocols can operate via
UTP cable. Most LAN devices are equipped with RJ-45. In short UTP cable is
cheap and easy to install, and can work for small networks.
c. UTP category
There are 5 categories for UTP cable. This category supports low-speed
voice signals and high-speed LAN signals. Category 5 UTP is recommended as a
minimum category for LAN installation and is suitable for star topology. The
following table shows each category:
Advantages:
• The cheapest price is
relatively cheap among other network cables
• Easy installation of
installation
Weakness:
• Reach is only 100 m and
transmission speed is relatively limited (1 Gbps)
• Easily affected by noise
(disturbance)
3.
Fiber Optic (Fiber Optic)
The size of this cable is small and made of fiber
optics. This cable is divided into 2, namely:
a. Multi
mode
The propagation
of light from one end to the other on this type of cable can pass through
several light paths because the core diameter is large enough (50 mm).
b. Single mode
The
core diameter is only 3-10 mm so that the spreading of light can only pass one
path.
Advantages:
• Small size and light weight
• Difficult to interference /
interference
• The transmission damping is
small
• The frequency field is wide
Weakness:
• Installation is quite
difficult
• Not flexible
• Prices are relatively
expensive
4. Hub
A concentrator (Hub or switch) is a device that
unifies network cables from each workstation, server or other device. In a star
topology, twisted pair cables come from a workstation into a hub or switch.
5. Switch
A switch is a device that connects a network
segment. Actually the switch is indeed an advanced development of 'bridge'.
Switches can also be used to connect switches with other switches, to increase
the number of ports, or extend the range of the network (eg one building with
the other). Even when we look at various network equipment vendors, different
switches are broken down to different levels like core, aggregation and access.
Separation of these levels is because each level is meant for different
functions.
1. Manageable Switch
Is a switch that can be set for specific network needs, there are some
fundamental differences that distinguish between manageable switches with non
manageable switches. The difference is dominant can be seen from the advantages
possessed by manageable switch itself. Here are the advantages of manageable
switches:
1. Supports broadcast network broadcasting with VLANs
2. Access user settings with access list
3. Make network security more secure
4. Can do the existing port settings.
5. Easy monitoring of network maintenance trafick because it can be
accessed without having to be near the switch.
2. Non Manageble Switch
Is a switch that can not be managed, the switch is
ready to live live pairs and switches can be used without the need to set. Non
Manageble switch price is cheaper when compared to Manageable Switch But if
there is a problem with our network, we will not be able to do troubleshooting
easily because its switch can not be done. The most frequent problems are IP
address conflict, can not connect etc. If the network has begun to spread in
various areas, it will be very difficult to troubleshoot which computer is
causing the problem.
5. Repeater
The main function of the repeater is to amplify the
signal by receiving signals from a LAN cable segment and then retransmit with
the same power as the original signal on the other cable segments. In this way
the distance between cables can be extended.
6. Bridge
The function of the bridge is the same as the
repeater function but the bridge is more flexible and smarter than the
repeater. Bridge can connect networks using different transmission methods. For
example a bridge can connect a baseband Ethernet with broadband Ethernet.
Bridges can also be used to connect networks that use different types of cables
or different topologies. Bridges can find the address of each computer on each
side of the network.
7. Modem
Modem device is one type of bridge, the device that
works to connect PC with or on different media. This device is a computer
network device used for Wide Area Network (WAN) connections.
8. Router
Routers are computer network devices that connect
hosts on different networks. The main function is IP Forwarding, which is the
process of forwarding IP packets from one network to another network which
becomes the destination of data packets.
Kinds - Kinds of Routers:
1. Router application:
This type of router is an application that you can install on the
computer's operating system, so that the computer's operating system can work
like a router, such as WinGate applications, WinProxy Winroute, SpyGate etc.
2. Router Hardware:
is a hardware that has the ability like a router, then with that hardware
you can divide the IP Address, Router hardware can be used to divide the
Internet network in a region, for example from this router is access point, the
area gets Ip Address and internet connection called Hot Spot Area.
3. PC Router:
is a computer that is modified in such a way that it can be used as a
router. To create a PC router does not have to use computers with high
specifications.Computer with two pentium processor, 10 GB hard drive and ram 64
and have available LAN Card can be used as PC router. Computers that are used
as this router must be installed with a special operating system for the
router. The popular operating system for PC routers today is Mikrotik
System work router:
Basically the difference
between static routing and dynamic routing is how to introduce the network
address.
1. Dynamic routing: In
principle only introduce the network associated with the router in question
(the legs). It is perfect for large scope network topology (connected to
multiple networks).
2. Static routing: Must
introduce every address on each network you want to target.So overall should
know all the address you want to go. (suitable for simple network topology)